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from Junior Scholastic,
February 7, 2000
Two Visions
by Suzanne McCabe
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Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois had very different ideas about
how to achieve racial equality.
W. E. B. DuBois |
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Booker T. Washington |
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 When the Civil War
ended in 1865, slaves in the South celebrated their newly won freedom.
But their happiness was short-lived. They were free, but they were far
from equal. During Reconstruction (1865 to 1877), U.S. troops occupied
Southern states. Blacks voted in large numbers, and many were elected
to public office.
That stopped in 1877, when the last U.S.
troops were withdrawn. State and local governments passed law after law
that took away the rights of black citizens.
In the North, discrimination also kept
black men and women down. They had few chances for schooling and good
jobs, and were often forced to live in run-down, crowded housing.
How could African Americans gain their
civil rights? In the late 1800s and early 1900s, two leading educators—Booker
T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois (dew BOYZ)—offered very different
visions for equality.
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“It is through the dairy farm,
the [vegetable] garden, the trades, and commercial life,
largely, that the Negro is to find his way to the enjoyment
of all his rights.”
—Booker T. Washington
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Overcoming Hopelessness
The son of slaves, Washington was born
on a Virginia farm in 1856. When the Civil War ended, Washington, then
only 9, went to work in the coal mines of West Virginia.
But he was one of the lucky few to overcome
the cruel  legacies
of slavery. At the age of 16, Washington set out for Hampton Institute,
a Virginia school for freed slaves.
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From "Two Visions" by Suzanne McCabe from Junior Scholastic, February 7, 2000. Copyright © 2000 by Scholastic Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.
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